Among the Akans of Ghana, libation features prominently in almost all political, social, economic and spiritual activities. The frequent use of libation, the importance of the occasions which determine its application, the effects which are expected from it, all go to prove that this custom is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people. It fulfills for the individual as well as for the group an important spiritual need.
The Akans have various terms for libation. One such term is ‘nsagu’ a word made up of two Akan words (nsa – drink and ‘gu’ to pour); this implies that libation is the act of pouring drink together with the prayer. In order to pour libation one requires liquid in some form. This may be palm wine, schnapps, whiskey, gin, or even water.
Libation can be poured by anybody irrespective of sex, status of life, or education. However, on special occasions such as national festivals or when an Abosom requires libation it is handled by traditional experts such as Chiefs, Akomfo, and Elders. This is because the solemnity surrounding such occasions calls for expert handling which is not found among amateurs.
No specific time is set aside for libation. It can be poured in the morning, afternoon or night. In short, any time an occasion presents itself, libation may be poured. Thus libation may be poured on all important occasions in the life of the people. It is mood-proof because it is suitable for joyful occasions just as it is for sorrowful ones. Libation may be poured Eucharistical to thank a deity or in the form of a petition to ask for favors. It is taboo to use the left hand in the pouring of libation.